d_max

on the section of a curved road, the maximum distance from the point on the line consisting of two neighbouring road shape points to the point on the arc of the section (m)

operational design domain (ODD)

set of operating conditions under which a given driving automation system or feature thereof is specifically designed to function
EXAMPLE: 1 ADS feature designed to operate a vehicle only on fully access-controlled freeways in low-speed traffic, under fair weather conditions and optimal road maintenance conditions (e.g. good lane markings and not under construction).
EXAMPLE: 2 ADS…

set of operating conditions under which a given driving automation system or feature thereof is specifically designed to function
EXAMPLE: 1 ADS feature designed to operate a vehicle only on fully access-controlled freeways in low-speed traffic, under fair weather conditions and optimal road maintenance conditions (e.g. good lane markings and not under construction).
EXAMPLE: 2 ADS-dedicated vehicle designed to operate only within a geographically-defined area, and only during daylight at speeds not exceeding 25 mph.
NOTE 1 to entry: The conditions can include environmental, geographical, time-of-day, and/or other restrictions.
NOTE 2 to entry: The conditions can require the presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics.

out-of-sight range

distance from the point where a variable message sign becomes no longer readable to the place where the variable message sign is located

distance from the point where a variable message sign becomes no longer readable to the place where the variable message sign is located

overtaking speed

the subject vehicle’s overtaking speed is defined as the difference between the subject vehicle’s speed and the target vehicle’s speed when the subject vehicle is overtaking the target vehicle
NOTE: A positive overtaking speed indicates that the subject vehicle is moving faster than the target vehicle.

the subject vehicle’s overtaking speed is defined as the difference between the subject vehicle’s speed and the target vehicle’s speed when the subject vehicle is overtaking the target vehicle
NOTE: A positive overtaking speed indicates that the subject vehicle is moving faster than the target vehicle.

parking slot defining lines

painted lines on the ground surface in a bright colour to identify the boundary of a defined parking slot

painted lines on the ground surface in a bright colour to identify the boundary of a defined parking slot

potential vehicle of interest (PVOI)

connected vehicle that exists in the V2V CACC region of interest, communicates with the subject vehicle, is of possible interest to the longitudinal control, and is not the target vehicle (TV)

connected vehicle that exists in the V2V CACC region of interest, communicates with the subject vehicle, is of possible interest to the longitudinal control, and is not the target vehicle (TV)

pre-collision urgency parameter (PUP)

real-time parameter that signifies the urgency of a potential future collision

real-time parameter that signifies the urgency of a potential future collision

preliminary collision warning

information that the system gives to the driver in the early stages of a potentially dangerous situation that may result in a rear end collision.
NOTE 1 to entry: The system may provide this warning prior to the collision warning.

information that the system gives to the driver in the early stages of a potentially dangerous situation that may result in a rear end collision.
NOTE 1 to entry: The system may provide this warning prior to the collision warning.

radar cross section (RCS)

measure of the reflective strength of a radar target measured in square meters, and defined as 4π times the ratio of the power per unit solid angle scattered in a specified direction to the power per unit area in a radio wave incident on the scatterer from a specified direction

measure of the reflective strength of a radar target measured in square meters, and defined as 4π times the ratio of the power per unit solid angle scattered in a specified direction to the power per unit area in a radio wave incident on the scatterer from a specified direction

R

radius of curvature at a point along a curved roadway (m)

rate of departure (V_depart)

component of subject vehicle’s approach velocity at a right angle to the lane boundary

component of subject vehicle’s approach velocity at a right angle to the lane boundary

reaction distance

distance travelled by a vehicle from the time the driver judged what action to take until the time the brake is applied after having been notified of a traffic impediment

distance travelled by a vehicle from the time the driver judged what action to take until the time the brake is applied after having been notified of a traffic impediment

readiness-for-service indication

indication presented to the driver that the ERBA system has completed its state transition from OFF (or standby) to ON and is now ready for operational use
NOTE: The method of presentation of this indication may be visual or audible or any combination so desired by the system designer.

indication presented to the driver that the ERBA system has completed its state transition from OFF (or standby) to ON and is now ready for operational use
NOTE: The method of presentation of this indication may be visual or audible or any combination so desired by the system designer.

rear clearance

the rear clearance of a target vehicle is defined as the distance between the rear of the subject vehicle and the front of the target vehicle as measured along a straight line, or optionally, as estimated along the target vehicle’s estimated path
NOTE: This definition applies to target vehicles in the rear zones only.

the rear clearance of a target vehicle is defined as the distance between the rear of the subject vehicle and the front of the target vehicle as measured along a straight line, or optionally, as estimated along the target vehicle’s estimated path
NOTE: This definition applies to target vehicles in the rear zones only.

rear zones

the rear zones are the zones which are behind and to the sides of the subject vehicle
NOTE: The rear zones are intended to cover the lanes adjacent to the subject vehicle. However, the position and size of the rear zones are defined with respect to the subject vehicle, and are independent of any lane markings.

the rear zones are the zones which are behind and to the sides of the subject vehicle
NOTE: The rear zones are intended to cover the lanes adjacent to the subject vehicle. However, the position and size of the rear zones are defined with respect to the subject vehicle, and are independent of any lane markings.

rear-end collision

forward vehicle collision in which the front of the subject vehicle strikes the rear of the forward vehicle

forward vehicle collision in which the front of the subject vehicle strikes the rear of the forward vehicle

reflection coefficient of test target (RCTT)

optical radar reflectivity of the target, which is defined as the radiated intensity towards the receiver (Iref – W/sr) measured at target level, immediately after the reflection; divided by the intensity of irradiation received from the transmitter (Et – W/m2) measured at target level, immediately before the reflection
NOTE 1 to entry: The units for RCTT value are in m2/sr.

optical radar reflectivity of the target, which is defined as the radiated intensity towards the receiver (Iref – W/sr) measured at target level, immediately after the reflection; divided by the intensity of irradiation received from the transmitter (Et – W/m2) measured at target level, immediately before the reflection
NOTE 1 to entry: The units for RCTT value are in m2/sr.

region of interest (ROI)

area where PVOI and TV may exist and affect CACC system control operations

area where PVOI and TV may exist and affect CACC system control operations

relative velocity (v_r(t))

difference between the longitudinal velocities of the subject vehicle (SV) and the target vehicle (TV), vr(t), given by the equation; equivalently the rate of change with respect to time of the distance between the two vehicles
NOTE: A positive value of relative velocity indicates that the target vehicle is moving faster than the subject vehicle, and that the distance between them is…

difference between the longitudinal velocities of the subject vehicle (SV) and the target vehicle (TV), vr(t), given by the equation; equivalently the rate of change with respect to time of the distance between the two vehicles
NOTE: A positive value of relative velocity indicates that the target vehicle is moving faster than the subject vehicle, and that the distance between them is increasing with time vr(t)= vTV(t)-vSV(t).

remote driver

driver that performs the dynamic driving task without using the vehicle's built- in input devices to control the longitudinal and lateral movement of the vehicle
NOTE 1 to entry: A remote driver can use a variety of physical input devices, but none that are built into the vehicle.

driver that performs the dynamic driving task without using the vehicle's built- in input devices to control the longitudinal and lateral movement of the vehicle
NOTE 1 to entry: A remote driver can use a variety of physical input devices, but none that are built into the vehicle.

remote vehicle input device; remote input device

input device designed to be electronically connected to a vehicle even when the vehicle is not in close proximity

input device designed to be electronically connected to a vehicle even when the vehicle is not in close proximity

required avoidance deceleration (D_req)

the minimum deceleration that, if constant, would enable the subject vehicle to match the path velocity of the target vehicle without contacting the target vehicle and thus prevent a collision
NOTE: Consideration of the target vehicle deceleration DTV is optional. When not used, it shall take a value of zero.

the minimum deceleration that, if constant, would enable the subject vehicle to match the path velocity of the target vehicle without contacting the target vehicle and thus prevent a collision
NOTE: Consideration of the target vehicle deceleration DTV is optional. When not used, it shall take a value of zero.

reversing detection system

system that gives an indication to the driver, when the reverse gear is selected, whether there are objects in the monitoring range

system that gives an indication to the driver, when the reverse gear is selected, whether there are objects in the monitoring range

road shape points

points that is composing roads in digital map
NOTE 1 to entry: Roads are composed of points and links which reflect the shape and position of the road in the digital map.

points that is composing roads in digital map
NOTE 1 to entry: Roads are composed of points and links which reflect the shape and position of the road in the digital map.

roadside equipment (RSE)

equipment located along the road ether fixed or mobile

equipment located along the road ether fixed or mobile

roadway radius of curvature

the roadway radius of curvature is the horizontal radius of curvature of the road on which the subject vehicle is travelling

the roadway radius of curvature is the horizontal radius of curvature of the road on which the subject vehicle is travelling

searching range

minimum area in which APS is able to search the environment for suitable parking slots

minimum area in which APS is able to search the environment for suitable parking slots

sensor

component that detects objects in the monitoring range
NOTE: There are a variety of sensor principles listed below which could be used. The most common principle is the flight time measurement (e.g. radar, lidar, sonar). Active sensor elements create a pulsed or continuously modulated field of microwaves, (infrared) light, or ultrasonic sound. The reflected energy due to an object in the…

component that detects objects in the monitoring range
NOTE: There are a variety of sensor principles listed below which could be used. The most common principle is the flight time measurement (e.g. radar, lidar, sonar). Active sensor elements create a pulsed or continuously modulated field of microwaves, (infrared) light, or ultrasonic sound. The reflected energy due to an object in the detection area is received, and the distance to the object is measured. The lateral position of the object is estimated based on the beam or field directional characteristics, or based on the timing relationships between sensors with overlapping coverage areas. Alternative principles include distance measurement by triangulation principle and passive sensor systems using image processing.

sensor system

component or set of components which detects objects in the monitoring range

component or set of components which detects objects in the monitoring range

set speed

desired travel speed, set either by the driver or by some control system that is external to the ACC system
NOTE 1 to entry: The set speed is the maximum desired speed of the vehicle while under ACC control.

desired travel speed, set either by the driver or by some control system that is external to the ACC system
NOTE 1 to entry: The set speed is the maximum desired speed of the vehicle while under ACC control.